Obesity, especially central (truncal) obesity.
- Lack of physical activity.
- Ethnicity: people of South Asian, African, African-Caribbean, Polynesian, Middle-Eastern and American-Indian descent are at greater risk of type 2 diabetes, compared with the white population.
- History of gestational diabetes.
- Impaired glucose tolerance.
- Impaired fasting glucose.
- Drug therapy - eg, combined use of a thiazide diuretic with a beta-blocker.
- Low-fibre, high-glycaemic index diet.
- Metabolic syndrome.
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
- Family history (2.4-fold increased risk for type 2 diabetes).
- Adults who had low birth weight for gestational age.
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